Embedded systems


Why Learn Embedded systems?


  • Embedded systems are managed by microcontrollers or digital signal processors (DSP), application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA), GPU technology, and gate arrays. These processing systems are integrated with components dedicated to handling electric and/or mechanical interfacing.
  • Embedded systems programming instructions, referred to as firmware, are stored in read-only memory or flash memory chips, running with limited computer hardware resources. Embedded systems connect with the outside world through peripherals, linking input and output devices.
  • Embedded system applications range from digital watches and microwaves to hybrid vehicles and avionics. As much as 98 percent of all microprocessors manufactured are used in embedded systems.


  • Sensor: The sensor measures and converts the physical quantity to an electrical signal, which can then be read by an embedded systems engineer or any electronic instrument. A sensor stores the measured quantity to the memory.
  • A-D Converter: An analog-to-digital converter converts the analog signal sent by the sensor into a digital signal. Processor & ASICs: Processors assess the data to measure the output and store it to the memory.
  • D-A Converter: A digital-to-analog converter changes the digital data fed by the processor to analog data
  • Actuator: An actuator compares the output given by the D-A Converter to the actual output stored and stores the approved output.